What is the effect of high concentrations of oxygen in the long term?

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High concentrations of oxygen over an extended period can result in oxygen toxicity, which primarily affects the lungs and central nervous system. Oxygen toxicity occurs when the normal level of oxygen in the body is exceeded, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) that can damage cellular structures. In the lungs, this can manifest as inflammation, edema, and even acute respiratory distress syndrome. Symptoms associated with central nervous system oxygen toxicity may include seizures and visual disturbances.

In contrast, while high concentrations of oxygen might temporarily enhance certain physiological functions, such as improved oxygen delivery during short-term exposure, the long-term consequences are detrimental. The misconception that it improves mental alertness or physical endurance and enhances overall lung capacity does not hold against the risk posed by extended exposure to high levels of oxygen. Thus, understanding the balance between beneficial and harmful effects of oxygen is critical in medical gas therapy.

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