What is a significant concern associated with high-flow oxygen therapy?

High-flow oxygen therapy is commonly used in various clinical settings to ensure that patients receive sufficient oxygen, particularly those with respiratory distress. One significant concern associated with this therapy is oxygen toxicity, also referred to as hyperoxia. This condition occurs when the concentration of oxygen in the body increases significantly beyond normal levels, which can lead to harmful effects, especially on the lungs and central nervous system.

When a patient receives high-flow oxygen, particularly at concentrations greater than 60%, there is an increased risk of producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body. These ROS can cause cellular damage, inflammation, and potentially lead to lung injury, a condition known as oxygen-induced hypercapnia or atelectasis. The central nervous system is also at risk, as prolonged exposure to high levels of oxygen can lead to seizure activity.

This concern underscores the need for careful monitoring of patients receiving high-flow oxygen therapy, balancing the therapeutic benefits with the risks associated with excessive oxygen levels. In the clinical setting, the goal is always to provide sufficient oxygenation while minimizing the risks associated with oxygen toxicity.